云南松母树林基地发展对策研究——白马河林场案例

优良种子是提高林分质量的重要保障,因此,母树林经营在林业可持续发展中起着重要作用。探讨母树林经营在市场经济条件下的出路,已成为十分迫切的问题。文章对白马河林场云南松母林基地的经营现状进行了分析,找出了其中存在的问题,提出了以云南松母树林为核心、多元化发展、制度创新的发展对策。     

The Thrifty Food Plan and low-income households in the United States: What food groups are being neglected?

Food assistance programs in the United States provide low-income households with the resources to purchase a healthy, nutritious, and palatable diet, if they buy the market baskets of food outlined in the Thrifty Food Plan. This study compares the cost of these baskets with actual spending on food at home by low-income households. Simulations reveal at-home food spending by low-income households to represent only 86% of what is needed to follow the Thrifty Food Plan. Married couples with children and female-headed households with children spend only 73% and 82%, respectively, and just 43% and 50% for at-home fruits and vegetables.     

农村家庭责任制的制度绩效评析和制度选择

本文引入制度经济学的分析方法,在阐述经济绩效和制度绩效的基础上,分别对家庭责任制的生产绩效和分配绩效进行全面分析,得出“制度生产绩效低而制度分配绩效高”的结论,并就在不否定高分配绩效前提下,如何提高制度生产绩效作出了制度选择。     

Agricultural Policy Reform and Off‐farm Labour Decisions

Off‐farm labour decisions of a sample of Kansas farmers are evaluated. The central question of our analysis pertains to whether 1996 US farm policy reforms may have altered the decisions to work off the farm. The effects of policy decoupling on off‐farm labour are complex: different aspects of policy changes can have opposing effects on off‐farm work decisions. Essentially, this makes this issue an empirical question. Results show that the introduction of fixed, decoupled payments in 1996 might have reduced the likelihood of off‐farm labour participation. However, the new policy environment may have increased farm households’ revealed aversion to risk, motivating a higher participation in non‐farm labour markets. The effects of 1996 policy reforms on farm income variability could have been attenuated by changes in US crop insurance programmes and by an increase in emergency assistance payments towards the end of the 1990s. The reduction in price supports may have increased the motivation for working off the farm. The net effect of the overall reforms on off‐farm work participation is not likely to have been large.     

Land tenure and rental in Western Sudan

This paper reports on aspects of land tenure in western Sudan, especially the nature of tenure insecurity and the functioning of the land rental market. The active land rental market accounted for about one-third of cultivated land. Patterns of land rental transactions, and tests of the importance of insecurity in renting land, where the owner may not be able to reclaim land rented out, do not support the presumption that rental markets perform poorly. The role of the sheikh as administrator of village land, and the claims of large landowners to vast tracts, are, however, important political problems that must be resolved before attempts at ‘rationalizing’ land tenure.     

探索土地问题的解决途径

从历史上看,农民的增收问题从来都是同土地产权制度的安排以及如何使用紧密联系在一起的。新中国成立以来,农地制度经历了四次重大变革。从变革中可以看出,土地问题确实是解决"三农"问题的核心。土地问题的解决不可能是一劳永逸的,现实中的问题只能通过改革来解决。     

发展农产品加工业是我国农业产业化经营的核心

本文通过对我国农产品加工业发展特点以及当前制约因素的论述,为我国农产品加工业提出了今后进一步发展的设想.     

农业劳动力在区域农业间互补性流动研究——劳动力与资本的替代效应对我国农业产出的影响

农业劳动力转移植根于农业与工业发展不均衡的二元经济结构.这一特点使我们的注意力主要集中在农业人口向工业或城市转移上,但随着农村经济的发展,中国自身区域间农业发展的差异性也逐渐显露出来.使得以均质二元经济为基础的发展政策也产生了一定的局限性.因此,在我国不同区域间农业发展不均衡的条件下,可以通过农业劳动力在区域农业间互补性流动以促进农业产出增长,为我国解决二元经济问题提供一个新的思路.     

农户选择兼业经营的经济学分析

农户的兼业经营行为是农户在预算约束的条件下,综合考虑各方面因素、合理配置家庭现有劳动力资源、追求家庭总效用最大化的理性选择.政府应以尊重农户对更高收益的追求为前提,完善土地流转机制,建立城乡统一的就业市场机制和社会保障制度,充分利用市场力量调节农户生产行为,推进社会主义新农村建设.     

虚拟水贸易及其影响因素研究

由于水资源的分布不均和大量消耗,水资源短缺成为很多国家和地区经济社会发展的约束。虚拟水贸易作为一种解决水资源短缺的方式被提出,成为水资源研究领域的热点。以农产品的国际贸易为主体的虚拟水国际贸易也不仅仅涉及水资源的平衡问题,还涉及到很多政治、经济等因素。本文从政治、经济、社会、生态四方面对虚拟水贸易的影响因素进行分析,从而对虚拟水贸易展开研究。